Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Leaflet Essay

There are many forms of prejudice and discrimination and it can be experienced by anyone at anytime. This booklet is designed to help parents understand the impact it can have on children and young people and why as a school we do not accept it in any form, be it from a fellow pupil, a member of staff or outside professional or a parent/guardian or family member. Who is most at risk? The children and young people most at risk from prejudice and or discrimination are:- * The disabled * Those with Special Educational Needs * Those who speak a language different from the majority * Those from a different culture, ethnicity or race * Those who appear differently (red hair, glasses, birth mark etc) * Anyone new to school * Anyone who has an high or low ability * All children according to their gender Different forms of prejudice and discrimination. There are many different forms of prejudice and discrimination and they may experience one or more of these at any given time. * This can include name calling. * Being left out of activities or groups. * â€Å"Dumbing down† so as not to be labelled a â€Å"swat or geek†. * Being left out because they have a lower ability and are classed as â€Å"stupid†. * Those from a poorer background may suffer because they cannot afford to go on school trips. * Being picked on because they look different, i.e. being called â€Å"ginger nut or carrot top† because they have red hair or â€Å"specky four eyes† because they wear glasses. * Any one new to school may experience being left out because they have no friends and peer groups have already been formed. * Girls and boys can be discriminated against just because of their gender, â€Å"girls are not supposed to play football† and â€Å"boys shouldn’t play with dolls or dance†. All of the above are forms of prejudice and discrimination and not everyone will realise this and may have experience it or been the abuser. The effects prejudice and discrimination can have on children and young people. There are many affects that these forms of prejudice and discrimination can have on the victim. They range from mild to severe dependent on how long, severe the abuse and the state of mind of the victim. They may feel unvalued, lack in confidence, withdraw into themselves, they won’t volunteer for activities so as not to draw attention to themselves, they may have difficulty focusing and low self esteem and all this impacts on their friendships and family life. The longer this goes on the more withdrawn they become and they can then turn self harming or drink and drugs (young people) and in very severe cases they could commit suicide. The impact our values and attitudes have. The way we behave around children and young people with regard to our attitudes and values have a huge impact on the children and young people we live with, work with and care for. The way we interact with these children and young people is very important because they are not born with attitudes; attitudes are learnt from those who have a significant input in their lives. It is our job as adults to set an example to them and the earlier the better. * How can we expect them to do something if we are not prepared to do it ourselves? * Whatever our religion/beliefs we should show them that it is alright to be curious about other religions and beliefs, diversity is part of our everyday lives. * Other cultures can teach us different views and rituals (so increase our awareness of why they may do things differently). * We should encourage our children and young people to experience different activities (be it a girl playing football or a boy dancing). * We are all individuals and should be treated as such. * A child with special needs or a disability is still a child with feelings and emotions. * If we are gifted and talented and learn easily doesn’t mean we are not fun to be around. * If we have special needs and need extra help with things it doesn’t mean my feelings cannot be hurt. In school it is important to promote Anti-discriminatory practice to the children and young people in our charge so that they are aware that it is not acceptable behaviour. It is important to teach them that we are all different and unique and that this is a good thing. We have to teach them to respect one another’s diversity and empathize with those who are different (those who are the victims of prejudice and discrimination) who they may be abusing or know to be the victim of abuse. We must teach them to value each other as individuals and value each other’s opinions and rights to be different, and teach them that we are all equals. As a parent/carer, professional or even a pupil it is our duty to report any form of prejudice or discrimination that we experience or witness, whether it be from a member of staff, an outside professional, a parent/carer or a pupil. You should always challenge prejudice and discrimination and you should tell whomever it is that it is unacceptable to express their views in this way, be it to you or someone else or indeed to the pupil themselves. It is not acceptable to discriminate against another person and if it carries on you will report it to the relevant senior member of staff in line with the policies and procedures set out for your setting. Support must be provided to the victim of the abuse and they must be encouraged to respond with positive action. Extra help may be needed to help them recover their self esteem and confidence. Wherever possible get the abuser to apologise to the victim and if possible get them to empathize with the victim. So if you see it, experience it or hear it, report it!

In the Lake of the Woods Essay Essay

â€Å"In the Lake of the Woods† is a non-linear novel by Tim O’ Brien that consists of the themes trauma and insecurity. The protagonist of the text, John Wade is driven into insanity due to his fear of losing the love of his life, Kathy. Throughout the novel, john Wade’s secrets are exposed to the world, this being the reason that ended his career as a politician, which was the final push towards his madness. Wade was not only affected by his shattering moment in his career, but his childhood and experiences of war in Vietnam left him traumatized and feeling unworthy of love. John begins to crave love at an early stage I his life, after he meets Kathy he develops an obsession for her and becomes dependent on her love. He faces many issues with Kathy, trust being the main one; this could potentially be the reason for John’s breakdown of sanity. Although Kathy played a large role in his life and downfall, there was a whole other range of factors that took p art in his fall to insanity. John Wade started off his career with a goal in mind, to become something important in the political world. As he progressed through his career, he became aware of the fact that his past could ruin what he was currently building. Wade, as a child learnt to deal with his problems by bottling them up and pretending nothing had happened â€Å"this could not have happened. Therefore it did not† John believes that if he lies to himself, and continuously blocks out memories of his dirty past, he would be safe from the secrets. His method did not serve to his likings, as his secrets were exposed to the world despite John’s lies to himself. The secrets of his partaking in the massacre of â€Å"Thuan Yen† were exposed during his election, which proved to be a â€Å"career ender†. John used his career as a politician to gain the love and affection he so deeply desired. Growing up, he didn’t receive the love he craved, â€Å"you show me a politician and Iâ₠¬â„¢ll show you an unhappy childhood.† John losing the election was essentially the loss of his source of love and his sense of power and control. This potentially drove John into insanity. As a child, John Wade suffered. He loved his father but didn’t receive any affection in return. His father continuously teased john, referring to him as â€Å"jiggling john†. This makes John feel that if his own father could not love him, then he was unworthy of love itself. At the young age of fourteen, John’s father committed suicide. This traumatized john and led to his â€Å"desire to kill† the night of his fathers funeral. He wanted â€Å"to kill his father for dying† John was clearly angered by his father’s death, but instead of venting his anger in a healthy way, he pretended it didn’t happen, â€Å"It was pretending, but the pretending helped†. As John grew older he enrolled with the army to fight in the Vietnam War. He was registered with a group called â€Å"Charlie company† Unfortunately, John was involved in the massacre of â€Å"thuan yen†, where he witnessed murder, torture and had a first hand experience in taking two lives, one being his mate PFC weatherby. This came back to John as nightmares and flashbacks. He tried to forget and pretend it didn’t happen but it all came back to him during his slumbers, the memories and guilt wil l always be with john, in some way. The failed politician met Kathy in â€Å"the autumn of 1966† at the university of Minnesota. John’s obsession is evident from the very moment he meets Kathy. He is in love with her, and the â€Å"trick† is to â€Å"make her love him and never stop†. John treats life as a magic show, growing up, magic was his only friend, it gave him a sense of power, happiness and was the only thing going right in his life, as an adult John continues to use tricks to solve all of his problems. John, in a sense, manipulates Kathy and develops a fixation on her and doesn’t stop at anything to find out everything about her life. His urgency comes from fear; he doesn’t want to lose her. After his father committed suicide and in a way, abandoned John, he feels that at any moment Kathy can just get up and leave. Kathy had a tendency to â€Å"simply vanish†. She is â€Å"fiercely independent† which intimidated john because he felt that Kathy was too go od for him. John genuinely loves Kathy, but the way he represents their love is alarming; he compared their love to a pair of snakes he’s seen along a trail near Pinkville, â€Å"each snake eating the other’s tail, a bizarre circle of appetites that brought the heads closer and closer† â€Å"That’s how our love feels†. This image, along with his desire â€Å"crawl inside her belly indicates a love that is both obsessive and destructive. His need to control and ‘consume’ Kathy dictates how his obsession for his wife leads to the loss of his sanity. Although John’s fear of losing Kathy is a main part of his downfall, there is a whole range of factors that lead to his mental breakdown. His fear of losing his wife all trails back to his childhood, where his first traumatizing experience takes place. When the fourteen year Old’s father died, he was not hurt in a ‘normal’ way, It seems almost as if john missed the concept of having a father figure rather then his actual father. This becomes clearer when john remembers an idolized and great version of his father unlike the real one, who was â€Å"continuously teasing† John and suffered from alcoholism. John begins his life of pretence from this moment on thinking the pretending â€Å"would help†. As Wade develops into an adult, his ways never seem to change. During his time served in the Vietnam War, John is better known as â€Å"sorcerer† because of his magic tricks and deceit to the rest of his fellow soldiers. John, having started ma gic from a young age, continues to use it in his adulthood, providing him with a sense of control and power and during the time was fulfilling his craving for love. John takes part in a horrific act of massacring in â€Å"Thuan yen† where he kills two human lives, and watches his fellow soldiers in â€Å"Charlie company† murder numerous people. This comes back to traumatize and haunt John, as Post traumatic stress disorder tends to do, it came back as flashbacks and nightmares. His infatuation with Kathy was a major part in John’s demise; however, the various other components in the novel prove to have had an effect on his sanity.

Healthcare Professional Career: Licensed Vocational Nurse

A Licensed Vocational Nurse carries out the following: First of all, an LVN takes care of the individuals who are suffering from injuries, sicknesses, disabilities, and even those who are on their way to recovery (US.., 2006).They do the aforementioned though based on the physicians’, as well as, registered nurses’ instructions (US.., 2006). Secondly, they are responsible for checking the patient’s blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and other vital signs (US.., 2006). Third, it is also an LVN’s responsibility to change wound dressings, check catheters, manage bedsores, provides alcohol massages, as well as, to inject patients (US.., 2006). Fourth, an LVN is also accountable for a patient’s allergic reactions to any medication or treatment provided for by the health care institution (US.., 2006). Fifth, it is an LVN’s task to carry out laboratory tests or gather samples for testing, feed patients, and note down the intake of food and fluid, as well as, the number of times the patient’s urinated and defecated (US.., 2006).   Sixth, it is the LVN’s function to oversee the patient’s personal hygiene as well (US.., 2006). The LVN ought to help out a patient when taking a bath, dressing up, etc (US.., 2006). Seventh, LVN’s oversee patients who are about to take in prescribed medicines or intravenous fluids, however, this is only a function of LVNs in selected States where it is permissible to do so (US.., 2006). Eighth, they also provide assistance in the delivery, as well as, feeding of babies (US.., 2006). Ninth, LVNs can take charge and direct nursing assistants and aides but such task is only delegated to those LVNs who are considered to be experienced (US.., 2006). Tenth, LVNs are also in charge of assessment of needs of the patients, development of care plans, supervision of nursing aides, organization of patients’ records, setting of appointments, and other responsibilities which are categorically clerical (US.., 2006). Personal Qualities and Abilities Needed for Success An LVN who intends to become successful should have the following personal qualities and abilities: 1) exceedingly caring; 2) extremely sympathetic; 3) emotionally stable; 4) can keep up with continuous stress; 5) enthusiastic; 6) very devoted; 7) decision-making skills; 8) good communication skills; 9) flexibility in taking orders of supervisors; 10) positive outlook in life; 11) extreme patience; 12) etc   (US.., 2006). Educational Requirements An LVN is necessitated to accomplish a practical nursing program from any State-approved learning institution (US.., 2006). A future LVN should pass the following subjects: anatomy, basic nursing concepts, drug administration, medical nursing, nutrition, obstetrics, pediatrics, physiology, psychiatric, surgical nursing, etc (US.., 2006). A soon-to-be LVN should also undergo a clinical practice in the hospital or any other health care institution (US.., 2006). It should be kept in mind that such clinical practice should be supervised (US.., 2006). Also, it should be noted that typically, a high school diploma is asked for before admission to the program aforementioned (US.., 2006). Licensure, Certification and/ or Requirements The following are the requirements necessitated for LVNs to qualify from the licensing exam technically referred to as NCLEX-ON (US.., 2006). Possible Places of Employment There are vacancies for LVNs in the following: 1) hospitals; 2) nursing homes; 3) offices of doctors; 4) home health care services; 5) homes for the aged/elderly; 6) educational services or institutions; 7) outpatient care health institutions; 8) Federal agencies; and 9) state agencies (US.., 2006). Advancement Opportunities LVNs have a lot of advancement opportunities and some of these are the following: 1) LVNs can supervise nursing aides and even other LVNs (US.., 2006). This is especially allowed in nursing homes/nursing care facilities (US.., 2006). 2) LVNs can undergo training programs to promote himself or herself and become a Registered Nurse (US.., 2006). Wages, Benefits, Standard Payroll Deductions LVNs working at the doctor’s office earn approximately 30K per year, while those who serve at surgical hospitals earn about 33K per year, those involved in home health care services earn about 35K per year, while those in the nursing care facilities are given about 35.5K, and last but not least, those who are in the employment services earn almost 42K per year (US.., 2006). Benefits include the following: 1) annual leave; 2) holidays; 3) retirement; 4) social security; 5) dental & medical plan; 6) long-term disability plan; 7) life insurance; 8) credit union; 9) deferred compensation; 10) bilingual pay; 11) night shift differential; 12) etc (US.., 2006). Standard payroll deductions include: taxes, social security, etc (US.., 2006). Job Outlook for the Future Projected Employment in CALIFORNIA It is said that the job outlook in California is superior and there will be an increase in the employment rate because of the fact that the number of population for the elderly continuous to increase (Licensed.., 2007). Preparing for an Interview I will prepare myself for an interview by making sure to keep the following in mind: 1) know more about the health care institution where I am applying at to add to my credibility; 2) dress up professionally and presentably; 3) practice answering typical interview questions; 4) find people who will serve as my references that will surely sell me to potential employers; 5) bring my resume, driver’s license, social security and other pertinent documents; 6) sell myself by proudly and confidently stating my strengths, abilities, etc; and 7) say thank you to the person who provided me with the opportunity to be interviewed (Ten.., 2007). References Licensed Vocational Nurse California. (2007). Retrieved April 17, 2007 from http://education-portal.com/licensed_vocational_nurse_california.html Ten Tips on Preparing for a Job Interview. Retrieved April 17, 2007 from http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/careers-job-interview/11120-2.html US Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2006). Licensed Vocational Nurses. Retrieved April 17, 2007 from http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos102.htm

The Passage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Passage - Essay Example Today the  platoon  was to  mount  a celebratory parachute display in the Valley of Jezebel. He entered the washroom and, while he waited for a free mirror, brushed his teeth, and though, of pretty girls. In an hour and a half, the preparations would be  complete, and the  platoon  would be  airborne, on its way to its destination. Throngs of  excited  civilians would be waiting for them to  jump, and the girls would be there, too. The drop would take place just outside  Nof  Harish, the kibbutz that was Gideon’s home, where he  had been born  and brought up until the  day  he joined the army. The moment his feet touched the ground, the children of the kibbutz would close around him and  jump  all over him and  shout, â€Å"Gideon, look, here’s our Gideon!† The writer composed the  passage  by describing the  scene  and his thoughts of the main character. The  writer  gives us a  detailed  visual  pictureà ‚  of a boy and includes details of his movements from room to room. The writer describes the thoughts of the boy and what he anticipated.  Every sentence seemed as if the writer was a  true  witness of the actions of the boy, or thoughts of  anticipation  by the boy as seen through the eyes of a narrator.  It  is written  as if the narrator of a  play  was speaking. Without reading the  entire  story, I can conclude that the passage is most likely extracted from  heroic  tale. ... The writer decided to  add  details of the main characters surrounding his thoughts and his hopes. The writer decides to mislead the reader into thinking the boy would be successful as his thoughts are positive. For example, the writer wrote the following: â€Å"Would be complete and the platoon would be airborne, on its way to its destination.† The writer describes a soldier who is  happy  for this day. The writer includes details such as the venue of Independence Day, who will be there and how people will react. In this way, the writer describes the boy’s  character. Later in the story, we realized that this is not what occurred. Instead, the writer wants the reader to believe in the optimism from the main character at the end of this passage. The writer does not  describe  the  character  as a patriot for his country. He  is described  in a way that makes the reader presume that the  character  is doing things for fame and glory from his fam ily, the children of the kibbutz and women. This  character  (soldier) is thinking about his parents, children and women and not what he aspires than to be a hero. The writer conveys this by describing what the  character  is thinking and envisioning. Grammatical and  rhetorical  elements seen in this  passage  are personification. For instance, â€Å"eucalyptus trees and clustering notices commending tidiness and  discipline†.  In this sentence, the  writer  is setting a  scene  of a military base in a way that even the trees are  tidy  and disciplined just like soldiers.  The  writer  also describes everyone including the civilians. He does not just write â€Å"Civilians would be waiting,† instead, the writer writes,

Price Determination under a Freely Operating Market System Essay

Price Determination under a Freely Operating Market System - Essay Example This helps in the determination of the type of goods to be produced and the quantity of that particular that is required to be produced. Now, whether a consumer of the goods would buy it or not helps in the determination of the quantity of a particular type of goods to be produced (Haber, 2000, p.10). The recent fall in prices of residential properties in UK has been explained using the market theory in this study. Determination of Price in a Market A market can be considered to be composed of two of its fundamental components. They are: supply and demand. The price of a commodity is determined through the interaction of these two market forces, i.e. supply and demand of the commodity in the market. As discussed earlier market is a place where exchange of commodities takes place between the suppliers and buyers. However this type of transaction can take place only when both the sellers and buyers have agreed upon a price for the particular commodity that is involved in the transactio n. Supply can be defined as the quantity of goods or services a business firm has in offer for sale in the market and it is offered at a pre-determined price set by the business firm. On the other hand, demand is the quantity of goods or services which the consumers are willing to buy at a specified price (Goldberg, 2000, p.72). In a freely operating market system, the sellers and buyers are free to carry out the transaction of goods and services at a mutually agreed price and they are not intervened by any other individuals or entities. Thus in a free market the prices of the goods or services are freely set and are based on the supply and demand of the transacted goods or services. Some of the key determinants of a free market economy are: a) Prices determined freely, b) Rights and incentives associated with the property, c) Freedom of trading at home or abroad, d) Government’s role, and e) the private organisation’s role (Taylor, 2006, p.14-15). Equilibrium Price Fi gure-1 shown below represents two different curves which are the supply and demand curves. Both of these curves are found to intersect at a point which is known as the point of equilibrium. It is actually the market’s equilibrium (Government of Alberta: Agriculture and Rural Development, 2012). The corresponding quantity and price of products at the point of equilibrium are known as equilibrium quantity and the equilibrium price. It is the actions taken by the sellers and the buyers which help in driving the market towards this equilibrium price or in other words the equilibrium of the supply and demand (Mankiw, 2011, p.77). Figure-1 Equilibrium Price Supply Equilibrium Equilibrium Price Demand Equilibrium Quantity Source: (Author’s Creation) Residential Property Prices in UK It has been observed that the prices of residential properties in United Kingdom (UK) have fallen considerably over the past few years. This observed phenomenon can be explained through the market theory involving the two market components, namely, supply and demand of the residential properties in UK. The world economy along with UK experienced a housing boom

SKILLS AND LEARNING STATEMENT (SLS) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SKILLS AND LEARNING STATEMENT (SLS) - Assignment Example With further discussions, I chose HDFC (Housing Development and Finance Corporation) India as the bank on which my RAP will be focused. The bank had currently undergone an ICT innovation initiative for improving its performance and increasing its customer’s base (Rajan, 2010). My objective was to evaluate the bank’s performance before and after the introduction of the integrated multichannel in its operations. In the meeting with my project mentor, we discussed my strengths and weaknesses. I discovered that I was technically strong in literature writing however I was worried about the project analysis .With the help of my mentor, I outlined the structure of the project and he suggested ways to acquire information about the research project. According to him, the RAP should have a suitable structure, illustrative, conciseness, clarity with factual accuracy. Before my second meeting with my mentor, I was prepared with the draft of my project. My project was almost over an d I was just left with the conclusion and recommendation part. After going through the draft of my RAP, my mentor identified some errors on the referencing and Part one of the RAP. According to my mentor, the drafted RAP does not fully explain the reasons for choosing my project topic area and neither provided him with an understanding of the overall framework. He guided me with more information and asked me to make amendments but assured me that the overall approach of the project was satisfactory. He assured me the timetable I have been following is good enough to meet my project deadline. The reassurance and encouragement that the project approach is going on the right direction, helped my confidence. In third meeting with my mentor, I gave a presentation of my project. Before this meeting I had already provided my mentor with the draft of my RAP. This meeting included a 15 minutes presentation. The presentation helped overcome my fear of speaking in public and enhanced my orator y skill. I am an introvert and often stay behind in company’s meetings. I was overcome with fear during the presentation to my mentor and his partner. In the presentation, my mentor recommended some changes. He advised me to keep the language totally business-oriented without use of colloquial terms. The language had to be lucid as well as professional. My mentor commented on my nervousness. There were certain changes he recommended for example, the colour combination, referencing, structure, evidences and outcomes. He mentioned that timing is an important factor to consider in presentations. The presentation enhanced my communication skills and made me learn how to conduct while presenting a project- one should be aware of the right gesture, facial expression and stances. The presentation enabled me to exercise introspection and I am now confident that I can take a lead in office meetings. 2. How well do you think that you have answered your research question(s)? While doing the RAP I had proposed four research questions. Research questions are very important, as they determine the formal aim of the study. The research questions formulated by me clearly stated what the study is going to investigate and efforts had been made by me to address the questions properly. The first proposed research question is â€Å"

Will Nintendo Survive the Vastly Developing Video Game Industry in Research Paper

Will Nintendo Survive the Vastly Developing Video Game Industry in North America - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that in this age, the demands of the individual are changing just as the alterations within the economy. This is mainly due to the introduction of varied types of inventive technologies, techniques, and models. Due to which, the demand and preferences of the customers are also changing at a rapid pace that enhances the rate of switchovers. However, in order to retain the customers within the brands, varied types of value-added games are introduced by the game console organizations at a quite competitive price. Therefore, due to the presence of numerous rival players, the rate of competitiveness is increasing at a rapid speed thereby enhancing its image and position to a significant extent among others. Nintendo is one of the reputed and largest, Japanese multinational organization attaining a profit margin of  ¥7.2 billion and total assets of  ¥1.4 trillion in the financial year of 2013. Within a very small time span, it expanded its wi ngs in the entire globe that amplified its sustainability. Bargaining power of the buyers: the bargaining power of the buyers is extremely high. This is mainly due to the presence of numerous rival payers in the market of North America. As a result of which, the customers always desire to attain most advanced and modernized games at a quite low cost. However, in order to fulfill the inner desire of the customers, the organizations operating in the segment of video games or game console tries to offer value-added games at a competitive cost. So, the customers stick to the segment of video games in-spite of economic recession. Bargaining power of the suppliers: the bargaining power of the suppliers is moderate. This is mainly because; Nintendo sorted or selected its suppliers by itself and so the suppliers desired to retain its value within this strong brand as compared to others. Therefore, in order to maintain the competitiveness, the suppliers always tried to offer varied types of modern and advanced software’s and technologies at a quite low cost to these reputed brands such Nintendo, Sony etc. Competitive rivalry: due to the presence of numerous rival players in the market of North America such as Sony, Microsoft etc, the rate of competition is extremely high. As the customers of the game console or video game market always prefer modern technologies to the maximum extent of the organizations, such as Sony, Microsoft etc try to introduce varied types of products at a quite low cost.

Psychology, Sleep Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology, Sleep Theories - Research Paper Example While asleep, most physiological functions of an individual such as blood pressure, heartbeat and rate of breathing decrease. It has been proved that in human beings, mammals, and a majority of other animals regular sleep is necessary in order to survive. Sleep is not a uniform process. Sleep happens in progressive stages, referred to as the sleep cycle (Tami Port, 2009).These stages show characteristic changes in the activity of brain. The cycle begins with light sleep, followed by deep sleep. Sleep is divided into two main stages, REM sleep and non-REM sleep. Here REM stands for "rapid eye movement". Non-REM sleep can be again divided into four stages. As sleep progresses from stage one to stage four, sleep becomes deeper. The third and fourth stages are often grouped together and are called slow wave sleep (SWS). When an individual is in SWS muscle and eye movements become less. Even though human beings spend almost one-third of their lives sleeping, one does not know exactly the functions of sleep. One of the major theories of sleep says that sleep is necessary for repair and restoration of the body as well as the mind. According to this theory sleep helps the body recover after an active day and gives the body the chance to restore substances that are lost while performing our daily duties. Another theory suggests that sleep has an adaptive function. According to this theory animals sleep because they need to protect themselves. However it is a known fact that sleep is a time to rest and rejuvenate and that it benefits us in many ways. When a person does not get the required amount of sleep he feels drowsy all the time, is not able to concentrate and is irritable .It has been proved that REM sleep is important for learning and memory. Many individuals complain of lack of or insufficient sleep. All of us at some time or the other have experienced this. However for many this problem is severe and

Life mistake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Life mistake - Essay Example Over time, my naivety led me to yield to such pressure and I began indulging in unacceptable social behaviour. This paper will describe this significant life mistake that I made years back. I remember clearly that turning 12 was an exciting event. When I was ten years old, my mother had told me about the challenges teenager faced during adolescence. She had tried to guide me and prepare me for the most significant transition from childhood to adolescence. Despite her efforts to prepare me, adolescence came sooner than I thought and brought about multiple changes in my life. Many of my friends had the conviction that, the adolescent stage presented an opportunity for them to explore different things that adults did (Pickhardt, 2011). Since I was confused and faced an identity crisis as I grew older in the teenage years, I faced a constant temptation to please my friends. Therefore, I tried out all the things they suggested. Initially, I did not see any harm in joining my friends in their ventures as the activities they indulged in were exciting. However, with time, my friends began to adopt habits that were considered socially wrong. For example, they encouraged me to try out smoking when I was only fourteen (p. 23). Personally, I was against smoking because I knew its numerous side effects, but, the pressure from my friends to prove myself an adult using the puff was overwhelming, so I eventually gave in. Smoking was not the worst thing that I did as a result of yielding to peer pressure. I became overly rebellious and would often sneak out at night to go to clubs and theatres. This continued for sometimes despite the warnings from my parents and teachers who had noticed that I had changed. Although they tried to counsel me, I was unwilling to accept counsel at that time. However, on one fateful night, when my friends and I were out clubbing, the security officers realized that we were

Partition of India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Partition of India - Essay Example The first major revolt against the British rule occurred in 1857 when the soldiers of the British Indian Army carried out a mutiny and offered their services to the Mughal Emperor. This mutiny quickly spread to other parts of India and it is argued that the uprising, which seriously threatened the British rule in India, was undoubtedly the culmination of mounting Indian resentment toward the social and political policies perpetrated by the British over many decades. The mutiny was eventually thwarted. Nonetheless, all political power was now transferred from the East India Company to the Crown and in 1858, Britain began to directly control most of India. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century would see the growth of new political parties and ideological groups which continually called for the end to direct British rule in India. With the end of the Second World War, the Indian subcontinent witnessed a major political power shift that not only emancipated the country from col onial rule, but also divided the nation into two independent countries, India and Pakistan. The political leaders from these two countries, having fought together for independence from the British, ultimately concocted schemes for the division and partition of the country. The plans for the partition started as early as the end of nineteenth century with the implementation of the British divide and conquer strategy. Under this administrative policy, the British worsened the existing conflicts.... However, the British rule turned increasingly unpopular (Singh 1990). The first major revolt against the British rule occurred in 1857 when the soldiers of the British Indian Army carried out a mutiny and offered their services to the Mughal Emperor. This mutiny quickly spread to other parts of India and it is argued that the uprising, which seriously threatened the British rule in India, was undoubtedly the culmination of mounting Indian resentment toward the social and political policies perpetrated by the British over many decades. The mutiny was eventually thwarted. Nonetheless, all political power was now transferred from the East India Company to the Crown and in 1858, Britain began to directly control most of India. However, the clamour for equal rights and independence mounted. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century would see the growth of new political parties and ideological groups which continually called for the end to direct British rule in India. With the end of the Second World War, the Indian subcontinent witnessed a major political power shift that not only emancipated the country from colonial rule, but also divided the nation into two independent countries, India and Pakistan. The political leaders from these two countries, having fought together for independence from the British, ultimately concocted schemes for the division and partition of the country. The plans for the partition started as early as the end of nineteenth century with the implementation of the British divide and conquer strategy. Under this administrative policy, the British worsened the existing conflicts between the Hindu and the Muslim

DEALING WITH THE GREAT DIGITAL DIVIDE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DEALING WITH THE GREAT DIGITAL DIVIDE - Essay Example Many Globals feel that gay marriages should not be approved. However, many feel that with society progressing, homosexual marriages should be upheld and should be treated as a typical marriage between a man and wife. The second reason why this statement is true is due to the fact that Global politics is because of the fact that America is a â€Å"melting pot.† The reason why Globals differ in these issues within is because of the wide array of backgrounds, cultures, and adversities that Globals have faced. Thus, diversity is the main factor that serves as a catalyst for this division. For instance, the clash between political groups is a consistent testament of this issue. Democrats and Republicans as fueled by Global opinions represent the two sides of how a government should operate. Politics in public Global policy represent the two egos of the Global public. The initiation of political parties can be traced be back during the 1824 era in which the Republican Party was formed. On one side, the Democrats, who are in the liberating front and continue to call for social progress and challenge the status quo through taxation and more government involvement. Consequently, the Republican Par ty tends to oppose reform by propagation for status quo. These two major parties have dominated the Global politics since many decades. Undoubtedly, the ideological polarization has increased throughout Global society not only amongst individuals, but also amongst government officials. Political parties are groups of individuals that collaborate for the purpose of choosing public candidate in public office. Although the constitution mentions nothing about parties, the Globals have solidified their difference through the channels of political parties. Moreover, the organization of the structure contains no specifications of party formations. As a matter of fact, George Washington, in

Femile De Antonio And Michael Moore Essay Example for Free

Femile De Antonio And Michael Moore Essay Emile de Antonio and Michael Moore are American film makers whose work touches mainly on violence in various circles of life in America. Their film making is mainly on documentary basis and they give a brief summary of issues because they have a desire to communicate information that is to result into a positive change. One similarity in their work is the setting which is America. Their works are based on issues in America although the subjects that they address are slightly different. Michael Moore mainly targets the issues in the academic institutions. In his movie, bowling for the combine, he addresses violence in the combine high school. He presents cases of damage to human life through the use of guns. This is where students engage in violence by shooting their colleges whom they place as enemies. Moore has an intension of having discipline return in American learning institutions. Emile de Antonio on the other hand has one main aim of addressing the violence in American political arena. He addresses issues such of wars and violent assassinations. His works are also a documentary. In his movie, a white house comedy, Emile, who has affiliations with the Marxists talks about a young man’s drive towards 68’ general election. In the year of the pig, he addresses the policy that resulted into Vietnam War. His cases are mainly on politically motivated violence and he has an aim of creating peace and accountability in the American administration. His critism on political culture is fruitful although he was treading on dangerous grounds because he was against the government.

Impact and History of Global Warming

Impact and History of Global Warming James Grinchishin We stand watch as the great abundance of waters around us heats up faster than ever, creatures of the sea are rapidly migrating. We witness the steady increase of contemporary dilemmas, unseen before, such as nuclear power plants being over ridden with jellyfish. Recurring heat waves and extremities in whether have become the norm. When we choose to do nothing, we witness as the world commences on its path to an apocalyptic nightmare less than a century from now, when well be faced with mass extinctions, a substantial increase in wildfires, deceased aquatic life, and meager fresh water to drink. By 2030, agricultural yields will plummet. By 2040, a plethora of species will be on the verge of extinction; both flooding and drought skyrocket without proportion. By 2050, common crops will stop growing from heat exhaust and food will become a problem with our growing population. Warmer areas such as Africa will definitely be a breeding ground for diseases and a host of malnutrition. The c oral reefs by now will have completely disappeared. By 2060, extreme coastal storms have the capacity to wipe out major cities; Populated urban centers become a breeding ground for an outburst in invasive species all while the Alps are drastically changing from a lack of snowfall. In the 2080s, due to the rise in sea levels coastal cities inundate more frequently and consistently costing lives and billions in capital. By 2090, delta temperatures peak nearly an average blazing six degrees hotter. How can we stand idle while our comrades are fallen? While it may seem as in the world described all is lost, doom and gloom, we can only hope that for the worst case scenario. In a world so delicate where one massive volcanic eruption can throw us into another ice age, how far can humanity actually change the course of Earths history? Global warming is by no doubt the greatest challenge in environmental problems we have ever faced and can no longer be ignored. It endangers life on earth and the worlds economies every day. With global warming comes longer and more intense heat waves and storms. As the climate changes, the likelihood of new pests to humans, plants, and animals increases and further puts us in danger. Agriculture and forestry are hit harder than ever before though wildfires and harder growing seasons; These are devastating effects of the destruction of ecosystems. Global warming has become humanities new greatest problem and our future generations are at risk. Â   Â   While 97 out of every 100 scientists confirm to believe in the harmful effects of global warming, there exists an array of persons who doubt the existence and disregard the vitality in taking repercussions to reduce the increasing threat of global warming. Skeptics have often stated climate is always changing. Climate has changed before. We have had ice ages and warmer periods when alligators were found in Spitzbergen. (Lindzen 1) Ice ages have occurred in a hundred thousand year cycle for the last 700 thousand years, and there have been previous periods that appear to have been warmer than the present despite CO2 levels being lower than they are now. More recently we have had the medieval warm period and the little ice age. (Lindzen 1) Another argument against the so called threat of global warming is often stated as its the sun. Over the past few hundred years, there has been a steady increase in the numbers of sunspots, at the time when the Earth has been getting warmer. The data suggests solar activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer. (BBC 1) While the evidence for global warming may controversially exist, is global warming really such a bad thing? Two thousand years of published human histories say that warm periods were good for people. It was harsh, unstable Dark Ages and Little Ice age that brought bigger storms, untimely frost, widespread famine and plagues of disease. (Avery 15) There are several common argumentative points presented to debunk the view on global warming; however, most arguments either simply say its a hoax, or attempt to blame the changing global patterns on other sources. There exists many uneducated persons who still fail to recognise the potentially damaging effects of global warming who argue global warming is a hoax and nothing should be done about it. While climate has changed before, as many use as an argument, the lengths and causes of climate change were not nearly as abrupt, or created by humans. Greenhouse gasses including mainly Carbon Dioxide, had a part role in the previous global warming epidemics. As natural processes of CO2 reduction occurred, climate generally cooled; Likewise, as CO2 rose in levels, the climate warmed. When levels of CO2 increased at much higher rates, the effects of this rapid increase caused much more catastrophic disasters and even lead to mass extinctions. Humans today are emitting prodigious quantities of CO2, at a rate faster than even the most destructive climate changes in earths past. We can observe a fine line between the general natural gradual changes over time and the sudden abrupt CO2 bursts. The effects of gradual CO2 is noticed as life itself was prosperous in the Eocene, the Cretaceous and other times of high CO2 in the atmosphere because the greenhouse gasses were in balance with the carbon in the oceans and the weathering of rocks. Living creatures, the biochemical diversity of the oceans, and atmospheric gasses had millions of years to adjust to those levels. (Quinn 1) however, there are countless times in earths history where we see the temperature jumping abruptly, which can be related to today. Similarly to the greenhouse gas emissions seen today caused by humans, yet those abrupt global warming events were almost always highly destructive for life, causing whats described as mass extinctions such as at the end of the Permian, Triassic, or even mid-Cambrian periods. (Cook 1) These similar symptoms are seen today in the changes of climate with what we humans are causing. While we have seen the climate change before, in those cases scientists know why it was caused, and we can connect the similar causes of higher CO2 emissions. As past examples of rapid carbon emissions similar to today were generally highly destructive to the sweet life on Earth. Sunspots, while seen as a potential cause of bursts of heat, have been decreasing gradually and are not a major factor in the contributors to climate change. BBC says The data suggests solar activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer. However true this may be, the factors that contribute to global climate change as far greater than solar flares, which are also much more rare than they used to be. Over the last 35 years the sun has shown a cooling trend. However global temperatures continue to increase. (Cook 1) Clearly, if the suns energy influencing our planet is decreasing, all the while earth is gradually shown to be increasing in temperature, the sun simply cannot be the main factor to influence the heating of our planet. While there have been occasional relations with sunspots heating as well as the earth, no significance is observed. For argument, some try to look to the sun as their escape to why the planet is heating up by cherry picking up dat a. They only portray moments of times where the sunspots rising and global temperatures are rising together. While some may misinterpret data or purposely pick it out, sunspots, while seen as an immediate cause for bursts of heat, are shown to be decreasing gradually and do not correlate to the major factors that are contributing to climate change. The atrocities that will arise with global warming will to all extents outweigh any superficial benefits that can arise. The effects of global warming can even be visible today with the increase in violent tropical storms and the raising of the ocean acidity. Some have a simple go to argument when all else fails, Its not bad says (Avery 1) he continues, Two thousand years of published human histories say that warm periods were good for people. It was the harsh, unstable Dark Ages and Little Ice Age that brought bigger storms, untimely frost, widespread famine and plagues of disease. While the thought of a slightly warming vacation for the generations to come, always tanning in sunshine may not sound to bad, there are much greater risks of global temperatures raising 2, 3 or even 6 Degrees. While CO2 is essential for plant growth, all agriculture depends also on steady water supplies, and climate change is likely to disrupt those supplies through floods and droughts. (Cook 3) Most cro ps rely on the stability and predictability of rainfall and temperatures. The increase in global temperatures means there is an increase in wildfires during the more frequent dry seasons. Another argument against the harmful effects of climate change is that having an increase in temperatures could benefit us by thawing more land to farm on. (Avery 2) However, the soil in Arctic and bordering territories is very poor, and the amount of sunlight reaching the ground in summer will not change because it is governed by the tilt of the earth. (Cook, 3) We have seen that the crop yield is already at the brink of destruction when a sudden local rise in temperature causes all the crops to wither and abstain from yielding necessary produce. Warmer winters would mean fewer deaths, particularly among vulnerable groups like the aged. (Avery 3) While this may be true and seem simple, the same groups are also vulnerable to additional heat, and deaths attributable to heatwaves are expected to be approximately five times as great as winter deaths prevented. (Cook 4) The increase in temperature will also contribute to a surplus of insects, particularly mosquitoes, which have been signed off as humanitys greatest killer have killed an estimated 40% of the worlds population through malaria. The excess heat will melt polar glaciers which will only contribute to the rise in sea level; consequently, the increased ocean surface area will only absorb more sunlight and heat the oceans faster. Many parts of the world which are at sea level, even major cities housing millions are at risk if the sea level rises only several feet. The CO2 emissions that have risen so far these past decades will be devastating to the atmosphere as we have already seen with the ozone layer, and aquatic life. This process is caused by additional CO2 being absorbed in the water, and may have severe destabilising effects on the entire oceanic food-chain. (Cook 5) There is clearly no argument that supports the globe is not heating other than cherry picked data, and the ignorant who only look at their local temperatures and can claim to see no immediate effects of global warming. The atrocities that will arise with global warming to all extents can easily outweigh any superficial benefits that can arise. It may seem as if the world is already being torn apart and there is no hope for restoring all the evident effects of global warming. In a world so delicate where one massive volcanic eruption can throw us into another ice age, how far can humanity actually change the course of Earths history? Global warming is by no doubt the greatest challenge in environmental problems we have ever faced. It threatens the health of the earths inhabitants and the worlds economies every day. With global warming comes longer and more intense heat waves and storms. Along with those climate changes, come more pests which in turn can carry devastating diseases. Forestry and farming are feeling the negative impact of global warming and were also seeing traces of a devastated ecosystem. The greatest problem with global warming is us, and if humanity doesnt change, the destruction of our earth wont stop. It seems easy to lay back and ignore the clear sights of climate change, the tropical weather patterns a nd elongated drought. However little the effects of global warming will be visible in our lifetimes, the future of generations to come will be living in a much different situation where they will try to revert our damage and see that its already too late. Global warming has become humanities new greatest problem and our future generations are at risk. Work Cited Quinn, Stephen. Eocene Period Ellesmere Island as It Appeared 50 Million Years Ago. Painting Nature Art by Stephen Quinn. Www.natureartists.com, www.natureartists.com/artists/artist_artwork.asp?ArtistID=608ArtworkID=23399. Accessed 12 February 2017. Cook, John. Climate Science Glossary. Skeptical Science, Skeptical Science, www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php. Accessed 12 February 2017. Lindzen, Richard S. Resisting Climate Hysteria. Quadrant Online, Quadrant Online, quadrant.org.au/opinion/doomed-planet/2009/07/resisting-climate-hysteria/. Accessed 13 February 2017. Avery, Dennis. 500 Scientists Refute Global Warming Dangers. WND, WorldNetDaily, 9 Dec. 7ADAD, www.wnd.com/2007/09/43489/. Accessed 13 February 2017.

An Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poem 670 :: Emily Dickinson Poem 670 Essays

An Analysis of Emily Dickinson's Poem 670 Have you ever been scared by your own shadow? Or have you ever been walking home at night, and nothing unusual is happening, but you can't shake this feeling that some mass murderer is following close behind, waiting to strike? Maybe you are crazy. More likely, though, you become scared by thinking of old tales or stories, like all the people who have gone into the woods and mysteriously vanished without a trace. I knew one girl who saw The Blair Witch Project and had to sleep with all the lights and the TV on that night, and still to this day won't go traipsing into the woods. Emily Dickinson dealt a lot with the notion of us being more scared of ourselves than of our surroundings. This was from one of her more serious stages, unlike "Do" and "Autumn Rhapsody" (see the parodies here). "The Brain has Corridors-surpassing / Material Place-" Not too many people would rather meet a ghost than be within their own minds, but Dickinson challenges that notion, throwing out the idea that the thought or anticipation of a terrible event is much worse than the actual thing, like people who are afraid of needles. Most people, if you talk to them, will say they dread going to get a shot. Of course, if you approach them right as they come out of the doctor's office, they'll say it wasn't bad at all. Of course, they may be lying to save face. (A good way to tell is to look at their arm: if it looks okay, then they're telling the truth; if it has turned seven shades of blue and has swollen to the size of their neck, then they just got a tetanus shot and are bluffin g about it not hurting.) But who is "I"? Who is "ourself"? The question in itself seems quite simple, but is it? It's an interesting point that she raises, specifically within the phrase, "Ourself behind ourself, concealed-" Do we really know ourselves? How can we be behind ourselves? How many vague, rhetorical questions can I ask? Too many, obviously. Anyway, after some thought, I decided that Dickinson here is probably referring to the part of ourselves that we'd rather not know, or maybe a part of ourselves that we don't know just because we can't see it.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character†. This is an excerpt from Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech, one of the many that he wrote and is well known for. Martin Luther King, Jr. is an extraordinary life, and will be remembered for his many accomplishments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. He was given the name Michael Luther King but later changed his name to Martin Luther King, Jr. He was the second child born to Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and Alberta Williams King. He married Coretta Scott on June 18, 1953. They had four children, Yolanda Denise, Martin Luther III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice Albertine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King, Jr. began his education at the age of five, but when the school found out that he was not yet six, they dismissed him from school until the following year. His scores were so high on the college entrance examinations in his junior year of high school, that they advanced him to college without a formal graduation from high school. He skipped both the ninth and twelfth grades, so he was only fifteen when he entered Morehouse College. He graduated with a B.A. degree in sociology. He then went on to a Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania. He continued his studies in theology at Boston University and Harvard. He was awarded the Ph. D degree on June 5, 1955.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Martin Luther King, Jr. was ordained in February of 1948 at the age of nineteen. Dr. King was awarded many honorary degrees from various colleges and universities in the United States and several foreign countries. Dr. King was a driving force in the Civil Rights Movement. He was arrested thirty times for his participation in Civil Rights activities. Dr. King received numerous awards for his leadership in the Civil Rights Movement. Dr. King also wrote six books and numerous articles. Dr. King’s speech at the March on Washington in 1963, along with his acceptance speech of the Nobel Peace Prize and his final sermon in Memphis are among his most famous utterances. Dr. King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 at the age of thirty-five. He was the youngest man, second American, and third black man to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Liberation Thought and Bhakti-yoga Essay -- Liberation Ideology, Hind

Liberation is a prominent ideology well stressed throughout the formation and development of history Hinduism. In general, the religious school of Indian philosophy is multiform with different tendencies, but mostly focused on explaining critical issues such as the phenomenon of nature, the meaning of life, the source of human suffering, and the path, which is the way to help people liberation from the suffering of the life. Like any other ancient Indian religions’ thoughts, Hinduism also aims at the ultimate liberation. This is well expounded within its philosophies and practices. For Hinduism, the ultimate liberation is returning to Braham. According to Bhagavad Gita, there are three ways of practice that lead to liberation. ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬. These are janna-yoga (the way of knowledge), bhakti- yoga (the practice of devotion) and karma-yoga (the course of action). In other words, one can practice any of these methods to achieve union with God. This paper I will analyze some important aspects of bhakti-yoga and how it can lead one to attain ultimate liberation—return to Atman. In doing this investigation, I hope to help the reader broaden their knowledge on liberation in Hinduism. As Radhakrishnan says we may climb the mountain from different paths, but the view from the summit is identical for all. II. What does liberation means in Hinduism? The moksha word is often translated as salvation or liberation. In Longman Dictionary, liberation is defined as the act of freeing prisoners, a city, a country, etc. According to Hinduism, moksha, mukti from the cycle of suffering and rebirth (samsara) is the supreme goal of human existence. Much has been written about the nature and path of release. True liberation means freeing of an individ... ... to them, take care to bless them with Mukti also.† In other words, if one loves God and serves Him with wholeheartedly, he or she will be granted with moksha, liberation. Works Cited Embree, Ainslie Thomas, Stephen N Hay, and William Theodore De Bary. Sources of Indian Tradition. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. Fort, Andrew O, and Patricia Y Mumme. Living Liberation in Hindu Thought. Albany, NY: State Univerasity of New York Press, 1996. Huyler, Stephen P. Meeting God: Elements of Hindu Devotion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. Longman Dictionary of American English: A Dictionary for Learners of English. New York, N.Y.: Longman, 1983. Radhakrishnan, S. Indian Philosophy. New York: Macmillan, 1958. TyaÌ„giÌ„sÃŒ aÌ„nanda. Aphorisms on the Gospel of Divine Love; Or, NaÌ„rada Bhakti SuÌ„tras,. Madras: Sri Ramakrishna Math, 1967.

Woman and Young Girl

An old man is lying on a cardboard box in the middle of the park with no blanket to cover him. A young girl approaches him) YOUNG GIRL: Excuse me sir†¦ Are you k? WSDL you like a hot beverage? (The old man opens his eyes and smiles) OLD MAN: (in a soft voice) Oh, yes I would, young lady. YOUNG GIRL: It's freezing†¦ Come with me. There's a restaurant Just across the street. Let me help you stand up. (The young girl helps the old man to stand up. They walk slowly toward the restaurant.They enter and sit on a table. The waitress approaches them. She has a notepad and a pencil. There Is a a man and a woman sitting on a nearby table) WAITRESS: What would you like to order? YOUNG GIRL: Do you have any suspended coffees? WAITRESS: (smiling) I am afraid we do not†¦ But we do have a suspended meal If you want one. YOUNG GIRL: Well, that's great! Bring It to the gentleman, please. Oh†¦ And a cup of coffee, too. WAITRESS: (writing on a notepad) And what would you like to eat ? YOUNG GIRL: I'd like a sandwich, and a cup of hot chocolate. WAITRESS: would that be all?YOUNG GIRL: yes, please. WAITRESS: Your order will be ready In a few minutes. (The Waitress leaves) YOUNG GIRL: (to the Old Man) I am Sandy. What Is your name? OLD MAN: Hello Sandy, my name Is Craig. You are a very generous girl. WAITRESS: Enjoy your meal! YOUNG GIRL: Thanks: (The old man starts to eat) OLD MAN: (smiling) Thank you! This is Just what I needed. YOUNG GIRL: Let's eat before it gets cold! (The Man and the Woman on the nearby table call the Waitress. She approaches them) MAN: Excuse me, but we couldn't avoid listening to the conversation.That young RL asked for a suspended coffee, and we were wondering†¦ WOMAN: What is a suspended coffee? WAITRESS: (smiling) It's simple. People pay in advance for a coffee meant for someone who can not afford a warm beverage, but they can also order a sandwich or a whole meal. WOMAN: Oh, I see. It's a simple but amazing cause . MAN: So people pay in advance for one or several coffees without drinking them. WAITRESS: That's right. Then, a customer-in-need asks if there is a suspended coffee available and have a hot drink without having to pay for it. WOMAN: A nice hot cup of goodwill!What a marvelous idea. We're definitely going to do this! MAN: Please, bring us the check, and add two suspended meals, and two suspended coffees. WAITRESS: That is very nice of you! I'll be back in a minute. WOMAN: It's a good tradition which I think we should adopt. I am going to tell all my friends and relatives. (The Waitress comes back and gives them check to the man. The man takes out his wallet from his pocket, and pays the Waitress) WAITRESS: Thank you. It's a great way to help homeless in the freezing cold. WOMAN: (looking at the Young Girl) We are very touched and impressed for what he did.WAITRESS: A single act of kindness can change a person's life. (The man and woman stand up) MAN: Oh, and by the way†¦ The food was delicious ! MAN: Thanks, you too. (The man and woman leave. The waitress approaches the Young Girl and the Old Man) WAITRESS: Is everything fine? WSDL you like something else? YOUNG GIRL: Yes, bring us two cups of hot chocolate. We're having a real nice conversation here. OLD MAN: (smiling) And she's a good listener, too. WAITRESS: That's great! Two hot chocolates are on their way! (The waitress leaves) The End

Personality development Essay

Personality development can be described as the collection of a person’s behaviours, for example their thoughts, emotions and interactions with others. As such, researchers have often stressed the importance of social interactions and the environment on the development of personality. Bandura’s social-cognitive theory would describe the attainment of personality in terms of modelling, reinforcement and direct tuition. Particular emphasis is placed on modelling, whereby a person identifies with a ‘model’ and imitates their behaviour (and hence their personality traits). This may explain why siblings may have similar personalities, as they will have shared a common environment for a large part of their early lives. Support for modelling as an influence on behaviour comes from Bandura’s ‘Bobo doll’ studies, which found that children imitated the behaviour of an adult acting aggressively towards a doll. This demonstrates that reinforcement is not a necessary condition for personality development to take place, and is therefore an improvement on traditional learning theory. The process of modelling requires a number of cognitive factors to take place, but particularly important, according to Bandura, is motivation. This can take place by means of reinforcement or self-motivation, the latter having particular significance in personality development. Self-motivation covers a variety of self-evaluative cognitive processes, such as self-response (rewarding or punishing oneself for carrying out a behaviour) and self-efficacy (the perception of capability to carry out a behaviour). This holds particular imnportance in personality development as personality is, according to social learning theory, learnt as is any other behaviour, and traits such as social skills may be obtained by, for example, watching one’s parents socialise. If self-efficacy is low, the child may not imitate the behaviour, and as a result will have poor social skills as an adult. Feltz provides support for the importance of self-efficacy, finding that Russian athletes’ performance was improved when they saw videotapes of themselves that had been edited to make them seem better than they were. Further support is provided by Schunk, who found that American primary school children who were told that their peers had done well on a maths test proceeded to do better on it that those who were not told anything about their peers.

Test Puzzle

Instructions In a logic puzzle you are given a series of categories, and an equal number of options within each category. Each option is used once and only once. Your goal is to figure out which options are linked together based on a series of given clues. Each puzzle has only one unique solution, and each can be solved using simple logical processes (i. e. educated guesses are not required). A custom-labelled grid is provided for every puzzle, like the one you see to the right.The grid allows you to cross-reference every possible option in every category. You can eliminate pairs you know aren't true with an X, and pencil in pairs you know are related with an O. If you know, for example, that Lauren wasn't born in 1961, you can add an X in the box where the Lauren column and 1961 row meet. Similarly, if you know that Bryant was born in 1971, you can add an O in the appropriate box.Furthermore, since every option can only be used once in any given puzzle, you can eliminate the four ot her options for Bryant in that category (1937, 1946, 1961, 1975) and the four other options for 1971 (Anahi, Jayden, Lauren and Nikolas). Continue doing this for every clue you're given. Eventually you will have filled in enough X's and O's on the board that you will then be able to use simple logic to deduce the solution to the puzzle. For example, if A = B, and B = C, then A must equal C.Similarly, if A = B, and B =/= D, then A must not equal D. School Crimes Five naughty school kids each were up to mischief and were all caught in the act. What was each child's name, what did each child do and what was their punishment? Clues 1. Bethany was made to stand up in Assembly and sing the nursery rhyme ‘Hickory Dickory Dock' for her heinous crime, which did not involve super glue or eating in class. 2. Bart's punishment was not detention or running 10 laps. 3. Writing lines about politeness was the punishment for the child that stuck heir tongue out at the teacher; this wasn't Bart . 4. The punishment of running 10 laps around the school field was not for using super glue on a teacher's chair; was this Chad? 5. Brenda did not get detention, which she would have preferred, and her crime wasn't to stick out her tongue. 6. Charles' crime was to persistently burp in class, much to the amusement of his pals. 7 . Scribbling on the desk did not have the punishment of cleaning the teacher's shoes. Answer grid Name| Mischievous act| Punishment| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Macbeth in context Essay

Macbeth is a five act tragic play, which was written by William Shakespeare for King James I in1607. It took the world by storm and today it is one of the best known tragedies available. Since it is so worthy of praise, in this essay, I am going to do a character analysis of Macbeth, the protagonist in this play. I will be evaluating how Macbeth’s ambition and determination to be king, eventually drags him to his downfall. Despite, he is the hero the main character; Macbeth is not introduced in the first two scenes. As William Shakespeare uses this as a theatrical device to create suspense and arouse curiosity in the audience. He does this by introducing other characters in these two scenes always speak about Macbeth. For example, one of the witches says, ‘There to meet with Macbeth’. This makes the audience curious about what they are going to do to him. Furthermore they make the King and bleeding sergeant speak of his bravery and skill, making him liked already. The dramatist Shakespeare additionally uses mythological language to glorify Macbeth. For instance the Bleeding Sergeant describes Macbeth by calling him ‘Valour’s minion’ and ‘Bellona’s bride groom’. Since Bellona is the Roman Goddess of war, Shakespeare is saying that Macbeth is a lover of war and is therefore a good soldier. Valour is courage and by calling him ‘Valour’s minion’ he shows that he is fearless and courageous. The hero, Macbeth, was a victim of circumstance. He is firstly influenced by the three witches in act one scene three. They convince Macbeth that he has the right traits to become a king. This is exceedingly significant as this sets the path for Macbeth’s downfall. Another main influence on Macbeth is none other than his dearly love Lady Macbeth. She does this by questioning his manhood in act one scene seven, ‘and lives a coward in thine own esteem’. Moreover when Macbeth asks her to do it, she convinces him to murder King Duncan by saying why she cannot do it as he reminds her of her own father. During times that the play Macbeth was written, the king was considered a delegate of God. The point that Shakespeare uses King Duncan as a theatrical device is worthy of note. King Duncan description of Macbeth, before his introduction, as, ‘worthy gentleman’ and ‘valiant cousin’, shows that even God is on his side. Getting praise from a demi-god shows the importance of Macbeth in that society and he may even be a role model for people at that time. One main character in the play that shows Macbeth’s real personality is Lady Macbeth. The first time in the play that she does this is when she receives his letter, ‘Tis too full of the milk of human kindnesses. By doing this she shows that under all the heroic traits he is also kind and gentle. So, the audience feel even more amazed at him. Being his closest person, she always knows how to instigate him to do something. She shows this when she convinces him to kill King Duncan. Although this may seem to some people like she is the vamp in play, she is in fact only thinking for the betterment of her husband. This shows she is a loyal wife and thus shows how worthy Macbeth would have to be to get such a devoted partner. As every tragic hero, Macbeth has one human flaw, which in his case is his vaulting ambition. This shows that every person has a flaw, even a hero. For, if it was not for his ambition to be king, then none of the tragedies would have occurred. This gives the audience the moral lesson, which is that too much ambition can in turn harm a person rather than benefit them, but the right amount is good as was shown before when Macbeth was considered good. Even though Macbeth is considered a villain by the audience towards the end of the play, he redeems his honour and pride when he goes to fight, He still dies a hero. His redemption starts when he calls for his armour and says, ‘At least we shall die with our harness on our backs’. The point that even when all odds are against him, he still acts like a true soldier by trying to fight of the army, which is obviously worthy of praise. It is also worthy to note that at this point in time, when he is near his death, he begins to repent for all he has done, and this means that the audience now feels sorry for him and this is how he regained their respect. To conclude, my analysis, I would to praise William Shakespeare for his fine use of descriptive language and theatrical devices, which are expertly thought out to please the audience at the time, and also to glorify his hero, even on his death.

Role Set Analysis

?Role Set Analysis is a method that helps people to think through what is expected of them and they could clash and cause other issues. This method helps managers to check whether or not they are using time effectively. It compares existing procedures with current priorities. By using this method it can help to show what the end objective of the job being analyzed should be. There are many advantages of using the Role Set Analysis. It is easy to apply or update, it assists managers to ask certain questions of themselves about their priorities and objectives. It can also work with a group or team to see if the activities that are being done need to be changed and lastly, it can be used for a entire department or organization to make sure they have the correct resources in the correct places. This process uses a market research approach to a particular job. The data that is collected consists of the expectations of the main individuals or groups that communicates with the person. The main question that needs to be asked is â€Å"What do others expect from me? † instead of â€Å"What should I be doing? † The first step is to accomplish is to identify what the main elements in the role set are. The next step is to combined the data and the pressures into a logical form. This is done by creating a flow chart to make it easier to review and understand. Once this is completed, the next step is to that the time and priorities that are allocated to each element in the role set is in line with what is actually needed. This can be done effectively by keeping a daily log of what their daily tasks are for a couple of days. This information can be compared with what is being reviewed for change. This information will help to ensure that the analysis that has been created is going to be effective.

Character analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Character analysis - Essay Example He wishes to do so through his son, Biff who had shown great promise in his early life. Willy’s ambition finds an outlet through his son, whom he hopes would become something more than just what he was, a salesman. This desire of his, however, stifles his son and he is not able to rise to his potential. He however, is able to see that he is like his father and this gives the reader an insight into the character of Willy. I am not a leader of men, Willy, and neither are you. You were never anything but a hard-working drummer who landed in the ash can like all the rest of them! I’m one dollar an hour, Willy I tried seven states and couldn’t raise it. A buck an hour! (Miller, 98). This outburst of Biff enables one to understand the reason behind the play’s importance. The play talks about the character of a common citizen who is unable to accept his own circumstances in life. The life of the very ordinary Willy is deemed fit to be shown on stage and this, in a sense, satirizes the notion of the ‘Great American Dream’. The ordinariness of Willy can also be a negative aspect as it makes him prone to what may be perceived as mistakes. His rendezvous with a young woman in a hotel is an example of this. This provokes the decline of his son, Biff, who no longer finds his father to be a role model for himself and loses direction in his life. This can be said to be similar to the life of Willy, who had to live his life without his father. The question of whether this affected his life is one that the playwright leaves unanswered. The character of Willy thus also symbolises the breakdown of the family as a social unit in the United States of America. The history of his family over three generations is able to exemplify this. The ordinariness of the character is something that Miller introduces so as to burst the bubble of American greatness that had emerged after the Second World War. Most of the positives and

Personals IELTS Scores Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personals IELTS Scores - Coursework Example In this case, the math test is considered to be independent variable while scores of personal IELTS scores in listening and reading are considered to be dependent variables. The IELTS test can be defined as a high stakes selection test that is applied in measuring the proficiency in the English language of NESB students who intend to study in a tertiary institution (Hawkey 2006). The test report is based on the test performance and it includes a band score that is between 0-9 for every subtest as well as an overall score; the mean of the results. The IELTS which is considered as the admission tool is seen to have become popular for the past decade (Hawkey 2006)Null HypothesisThere is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of personal IELTS scores in listening and reading when doing math test.Alternative HypothesisThere is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of personal IELTS scores in listening and reading when doing math test.The table above shows that FMU6PA group has a mean score of 7.5 and 8 for listening and reading respectively. The standard deviation is also 0.39 and 0.3 respectively. This means that the variation in listening data is higher than that of reading. The median and mean is almost the same for reading and this implies that the data is normally distributed. The table above shows that Foundation science group has a mean score of 7.7 and 6 for listening and reading respectively.

Lee Miller Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lee Miller - Research Paper Example In 1929 she searched out Man Ray in Paris and turned into his understudy, mate and muse. She additionally featured in Jean Cocteaus point of interest film â€Å"The Blood of a Poet† (Haworth 15). Lee Miller as an artist was the muse of Man Ray as well as his student and soon his partner. She gained from one of the best cutting edge photographic artists, mastering lighting, printing and the methodology of "solarization" - a method for turning around highlights into blacks - they ran across together. She made a representation toward oneself titled lee mill operator standard lee mill operator and helped Paris "Vogue" as both model and picture taker. She made representations and mocking drawings, captured baffling road scenes, rich close reflections and pictures like Blasting Hand which embody the convulsive magnificence lectured by the organizer of Surrealism, Andrà © Breton. She likewise made the absolute most radical photos of the naked of the Surrealist age - nudes which have been depicted as changing the female middle into a phallus (Conekin 57). Lee Miller travelled to London in 1939 to live with Roland Penrose. She prepared her Surrealist eye on the disarray of Blitzed London for her first book, Horrid Glory (1940). She began working for British "Vogue" in 1940 and turned into the magazines work-horse and most productive patron. Mill operator assumed each sort of photographic work for the magazine, whether documentary, picture or design. She started composition characteristic articles in 1944 with a profile of the American radio television star Ed Murrow. The "Life" photographic artist David E. Scherman turned into her coach in photojournalism, her sweetheart and companion. Before long she was traveling to France as an authorize war journalist for Vogue. The magazine distributed Millers singing dispatches on field healing facilities in Normandy, the Liberation of Paris, the battling around the German-possessed bastion in St Malo, the

Company Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Company Law - Essay Example Fundamentally, the House of Lords thus embedded the separation of the corporate personality from its members and it became its own entity, rendering it capable of suing and being sued; of entering into contracts;4 of owning property and of making profits and losses in its own name.5 The final element established was the widely famous advantages of limited liability enjoyed by shareholders, limited only to the unpaid amount of their shares. These principles have been referred to a reused in countless cases; Lord Templeman himself described the dicta in Salomon as an ‘unyielding rock’6 and it is now embodied in the Companies Act 2006.7 As is the case with most fundamental principles following a single landmark case, a broad debate has been alive since the decision. Indeed, the courts have been faced with circumstances in which exceptions to Salomon have been necessary and indeed allowed. Thus, one is faced with a fundamental principle, deemed to apply broadly, yet inevitably the court has managed to manoeuvre around the Solomon rules in order to make it more flexible. But is this really flexibility, or an undesired and confusing method of applying the rules simply whenever the court deems fit or not? This topic is linked to clarity – if one can arrive at a clear set of circumstances under which the corporate veil will not be lifted, then one can arrive at the conclusion that the Salomon decision is safely applicable. If these circumstances are not evident, then it seems that the courts apply it or not at whim, and the Salomon case is at the mercy of the court and its view of whether the veil should be lifte d in the particular circumstances or not. The specifics of these circumstances are affected by the two different views surrounding the consequences of separate legal personality. The narrow view - as that contained in the Companies Acts - holds

Movie review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Movie Review Example The video further explains that the three groups; the Jews, Muslims and the Christians revere Jerusalem as a very holy city and they seek to protect this land and in doing this, they are likely to be at loggerheads with each other. This explains the strife in the region as the Jews and the other groups tussle for a claim to the possession of the city of Jerusalem (Israelis and Palestinians). The video explains that Judaism is the religious culture of the Jews as they have been practicing this religion in the city of Jerusalem for several centuries now and their religious affiliation with the city could be explained by their sacred temple in Jerusalem and this makes the city highly significant to the Jews. The Jews claim that Jerusalem has always been the central city of Israel, hence they lay their claim to the ownership of the city as they believe that it is their sovereign city. The Christians on their own part claim that the city of Jerusalem is where the the Temple Mount (Hara mesh=Sharif) is a very important sanctuary to the religion of Islam as they believe that it was from a rock on the site of Temple Mount that Prophet Muhammad ascended into heaven and this explains the reason the Muslims believe that Jerusalem is sacred to them as they go there year after year not only to honor the prophet, but also to pray to Allah (God) as they are of the opinion that their prayers would easily get to heaven from the spot the holy prophet ascended to heaven, as some Muslims claim that it is the gateway to heaven. (b) It would be really difficult to make a decision on whether Jerusalem should be divided between the Israelis and Palestinians. The Palestinians have a bulk of their population in the city of Jerusalem, while the Israelis equally have a large amount of their citizens in their city. The Israelis live in most parts of West Jerusalem, while the Palestinians live in most

Financial Analysis and Pricing Structure Research Paper

Financial Analysis and Pricing Structure - Research Paper Example Off 2 Gran Grans is a service organization with a significant emphasis on using corporate social responsibility as a positioning and competitive tool. The target market for the company is the senior citizen aged 60 to 100, with a secondary market consisting of immobilized shut-ins of varying age categories to assist in revenue production. Off 2 Gran Grans provides assistance services, such as house cleaning and errand running for medications and groceries, with a supplementary service for visitation, consisting of gate keeping services and interpersonal relationship development. Being alone is rather frightening to most senior citizens supporting psychologists stating that warm interpersonal relationships are the most fundamental of human needs (Brammertz and Akkizidis 9). Off 2 Gran Grans will provide psychological adjustment for its target consumers and also fill a tangible need that require fulfilling due to limited mobility, lack of access to transportation, and lack of family an d social support. Financial Analysis for Off 2 Gran Grans In the financial analysis of the products and services that Off 2 Gran Grans, the business will need to re-evaluate the number of customers that are likely going to require its services and determine the revenue that it expects from the services it will offer to the customers (Brammertz and Akkizidis 9). ... The business will also need to estimate the expected return on investment before venturing into business. This will aid the decision on how much to invest in the business and even estimate the time that the business is going to require in order o break even. The financial analysis for the above company is going to encompass three main areas, that is, the net present value, the sensitivity analysis, and the break-even analysis (Lee, Lee and Lee 25). This is important in leveraging the company in a business that has negative reviews from customers. However, this will enable the business to identify where its competitors have been failing and correct it before setting out to provide the services to the people. Break-even analysis The understanding of the break-even in a business is important because it helps in fixing the financial status of any business. As a service provider, Off 2 Gran Grans will need to have a a competitive price for its services and products to the elderly people t hat will be identifiable with the customers. The business will have to take a number of initiatives that are geared towards ensuring that fixed expenses like rent, electricity and others are kept to the minimum with a view of cutting down on the operation costs (Shim and Siegel 32). In determining the breakeven point, Off 2 Gran Grans will require to have 200 customers who will be charged $100 per month as upkeep costs. Since the organization’s initial investments is between $58,000 and $95,000, the company therefore should expect to break even in five years’ time. However, with investment in advertisement each year, this period may be reduced to 3 years. Sensitivity

Current and Future trends in Microelectromechnical Systems Case Study

Current and Future trends in Microelectromechnical Systems - Case Study Example cessing, and data acquisition features."[2] The term MEMS refer to the devices that are on a millimetre scale with micro-resolution. It is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on common silicon substrate through the utilization of microfabrication technology [8]. There are several broad categories of MEMS fabrication technologies. They are Bulk micromachining, Surface micromachining, LIGA, Deep reactive ion etching and the integrated MEMS technologies. The brief [9] of each of the technologies is given below Bulk micromachining is a fabrication technique which builds mechanical elements by starting with a silicon wafer, and then etching away unwanted parts, and being left with useful mechanical devices [9].'The advantages are less cost high reliability, manufacturability, and good repeatability [9]. Surface Micromachining builds devices up from the wafer layer-by-layer [9]. Surface Micromachining requires more fabrication steps than Bulk Micromachining, and hence is more expensive.' It is able to create much more complicated devices, capable of sophisticated functionality. LIGA is a technology which creates small, but relatively high aspect ratio devices using x-ray lithography [9]. Unlike traditional Bulk Micromachining, which uses a wet chemical etch, Deep Reactive Ion Etching micromachining uses'a plasma etch to create features allowing greater flexibility in the etch profiles, enabling a wider array of mechanical elements [9]. Since MEMS devices are created with the same tools used to create integrated circuits, in some cases it is also possible to fabricate Micro-machines and Microelectronics on the same piece of silicon [9].' LITERATURE REVIEW MEMS has a very wide range of applications, particularly of its sensors which are used many of the automotive, medical and other consumer products. The technology development is immense and there are several in the literature to quote from in evidence of this fact. The MEMS related technology and literature work is very huge and hence effort has been made only to cover the key developments from random authors. One technique developed in the United States at the University of Wisconsin uses thin film polysilicon for the sensor diaphragm [3]. The polysilicon devices are correspondingly smaller and hence they cost less. Another technique, result in much smaller sensor dies than standard bulk micromachining techniques NovaSensor in the United States, employs high temperature fusion bonding of silicon wafers to form inward tapering cavities under single crystal silicon diaphragms [4]. These devices are used in medical catheters. An improvement in low pressure measurement has also been suggested as by using advanced MEMS micromachining

Individual case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual - Case Study Example urship and innovation challenges faced by the founder and the co-founder at the initial stages of operation and the strategies adopted by them to expand their business in the international markets (Stokes and  Wilson, 2010, p.65). Jeroen Glabeek and Gilbert Gooijers, the founder and the co-founder were classmates and shared same interest in academics during their college days with the activity of radio broadcasting as a commercial business. Glabeek and Gooijers considered the proposal of their customers to send ringtones and sms to the overseas European markets such as Spain and tying up with the telecom service providers in those countries. In the course of their step towards innovation and entrepreneurship, they also considered their failed venture in the past in Poland. Taking into account the prospects of the international markets, the company considered at the development of software in the mobile phones of the customers all over the world (Kumar, 2008, p.57). In order to attr act customers, they started to make their customers aware of the wide reach of the sms service and the response of the people after reading their sms. The clients of CM were able to send the plan of their activity to their customers and the overwhelming response of the customers led to the increase in sms traffic over the years as shown in Exhibit 1. The increase in the sms traffic and the growth of business reflected in the financial statements of the company. From the time the company started in 2000, the company has moved from a net loss position in 2000 to a net profit position of â‚ ¬1233602 in 2009. The income statement of CM over the years has been given in Exhibit 2. The decision criteria for success and sustainability of CM’s business are the analysis of the entrepreneurial and innovative measures in the business of sms service. The success and sustainability is decided by the impact of measures taken to meet the challenges in the competitive industry, the impact on the

Health and Safety in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Health and Safety in the Workplace Essay Health and Safety play a very important role in the workplace today. Many organizations take the responsibility of their employees’ safety and health seriously due to the various affects that could stem from a lack of providing a safe work environment. During the 20th century our nation has become a world leader in setting an example for the world involving the workers right to a safe and healthy environment. Because of the various laws and research conducted in the United States, there have been countless number of accidents that have been prevented and thousands of lives saved because of awareness. I, being a Safety Coordinator and a workplace accident survivor, know firsthand the importance of safety in the workplace and the negative outcome for employees and organizations that do not practice a safe work environment. I would like to take this time to give a little information on my personal experience on workplace accidents and the importance of safety in that environment. In 2007 I was employed as a bridge carpenter working for a large construction company in Biloxi, MS. As a bridge carpenter is was exposed to many dangerous and high risk situations that put my life at risk on an everyday basis. I felt this company actually cared about the safety of their employees. We were provided with every piece of safety equipment that was needed to perform our job as safely as possible. The equipment was fairly new and OSHA approved. If it was found to be inadequate, it was immediately removed out of service and either fixed or replaced. Not to mention every morning we conducted toolbox safety meeting and equipment inspections. This particular day of my near fatal accident, we were setting rebar cages for columns maybe 30 to 40 feet in height. It was my responsibility to climb the cage, after it was set on the footer with a crane, to unhook the rigging from the crane. I had all the proper PPE (personal protective equipment) on and the cage had been secured at th e bottom by come along rigging devices. As I climbed the cage and Unhooked the rigging from the crane, the cage began to sway from side to side. Before I could start my descent, the cage and myself still attached to it with three different positioning, fell in the water, which by the way was the Gulf of Mexico. As my feet touched the bottom I began to panic and fight to free myself by unhooking myself from the cage. Several of my co workers jumped in the water to rescue me, but they were unable to locate my body. But they were able to locate the cage I was attached to. Thanks to quick thinking they were able to hook the crane cables back to the cage and hoist the cage and I out of the water successfully. But by this time I was not breathing and had no pulse. They lowered me on a crew boat and began to perform CPR. The CPR was unsuccessful so they began to take me to the dock where the ambulance was awaiting my arrival. During the time of the boat ride, I suddenly began to cough up water and slowly came to my senses. I was taken to the hospital and was blessed that I did not sustain any major injuries. During the accident investigation it was found that the cage we were setting was not the correct one for that particular footing and one of the come along holding it in place was functioning properly to catch the cage as it began to fall. This is when I actually began to take workplace safety seriously and start my career in that field. During the course of this paper it is my intent to present key components of workplace safety and health and provide new insight and personal experience that has and will affect my career and personal life and lives of those around me. The Role of Safety and Health in the Workplace Workplace safety is the practice of an employer using preventative measures to prevent hazards to the employees health and personal safety. This practice includes creating plans and procedures for employees and managers in the workplace. In addition, workplace safety involves creating policies and keeping emergency materials available for employee and manager use while at a work site. Workplace safety has caused strikes, contract negotiations and concerns among the different labor unions. These groups have negotiated union contracts and initiated lawsuits on behalf of workers who have an unsafe workplace. The Union Auto Workers created Workers Memorial Day as a day to honor workers who are killed on the job in the United States. David Micheals, the new head of OSHA, made this profound statement â€Å"these catastrophic events are powerful reminders of the risks faced by workers across the country every day. Fourteen workers die on the job each day, far from the headlines, often noted only by their families, friends, and co-workers.† (Markowitz Rosner, 2011, p.26) Manufacturing jobs are heavily mentioned on this day due to the dangers of operating machinery or equipment. Workplace safety in many businesses requires additional training for the employees and management. This can include a lecture by an expert, hand-on training or a tour of the grounds and materials. For example, an employee whose job requires the use of a machine is not only trained to use the machine, but he is typically trained on how to operate machinery to avoid injury, dismemberment or death. The employee can also be trained on what to do if a co-worker injures herself on the job. As I stated in the introduction of this paper, I know firsthand the importance of safety and health in the workplace. By understanding the role of workplace safety and its history, employers and employees are able to apply these safety concepts to their everyday work related routines. I have learned that workplace safety and health reach far beyond the OSHA Act of 1970. Safety involves adopting a way of thinking and a way of functioning in all environments. Organizations such as unions have fought for workers right to a safety and healthy work environment. The campaigns they have fought so diligently to win have proven to be effective in fighting diseases like tuberculosis, typhoid, and smallpox that not only for the workplace but also for the general public. (Markowitz Rosner, 2011, p.27) Occupational Safety and Health Administration In 1970 Congress passed into law The Occupational Safety and Health Act which formed the Occupational Safety and Health Administration or (OSHA). This act â€Å"declared that every worker is entitled to safe and healthful working conditions, and that employers are responsible for work being free from all recognized hazards†.(Silverstein, 2008, p.416) Even forty years later, many people still do not believe that OSHA is up holding the standard in workplace safety and health for which it was designed to do. Today a worker still becomes injured or sick from a dangerous job every 2.5 seconds plus a worker dies from a workplace injury or illness every 8 minutes. The National Institute for Occupational Safety, also known as NIOSH, has authority for workplace safety and health matters at federal workplace locations. In the federal workplace environment, NIOSH has an enforcement authority that corresponds to the authority OSHA exercises over workplaces operated by private sector emplo yers. In some instances, state-run programs supersede OSHA authority, and the Occupational and Safety and Health Act of 1970 encourages the development and operation by individual states of workplace safety and health programs. However, to qualify for this exemption to OSHA authority, a state-run program must establish standards and enforcement criteria that match or exceed the effectiveness of the federal OSHA program. As of April 2010, 26 states and U.S. territories have such programs in place with 23 of those 26 covering state and local government workplaces as well as workplaces operated by private sector employers. The Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 established mandatory health and safety standards and directed the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Secretary of Labor to create improved health and safety standards to protect the health and welfare of coal miners in the U.S. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) established a national minimum wage, guaranteed time-and-a-half for overtime in certain types of jobs, and prohibited employers from hiring minors. Today the FLSA helps to enforce and protect the rights and wages of non-exempt employees. I do not have much experience working directly with OSHA but as an OSHA outreach trainer, I have become accustom to understand the importance and impact they can and do have in a workplace environment. Working as a safety coordinator for several different contractors has given me an insight as to how some organizations adhere to OSHA regulations and how other organizations do not. With this insight and from knowledge gained from this course, I see that we still need stay focused on continuous safety awareness and to ensure OSHA enforces the laws and regulations for violators. By understanding the history and the need for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration in our society, I have a greater enthusiasm to perform my job functions as a safety coordinator at a higher level and expect the people around me to adhere to the same level of faithfulness. Safety Issues In The Workplace Safety issues are an important topic in todays workplace, especially with the rise in accidents in places of work and business. Accidents may often be small, but they can also lead to life-altering results such as mutilation and even death. The most common type of safety issue in workplaces relates to tripping and falling, however, there are many other causes to be considered. An organization with a superior policy for dealing with safety issues should be considering topics such as ergonomics and the arrangement of the space so that the tasks best fit the people who complete them. In this discussion the focus will be on three in particular which are repetitive stress injuries, workplace stress, and substance abuse. In today’s society, there are many jobs that require sitting at a work station all day. Employees that perform these types of jobs run a higher risk of being injured by chronic and repetitive motion task, like typing on a keyboard, eyestrains, lifting or movement in juries, poor ergonomics or workstation accidents. (Lowe, 2012, p.104) Majority of musculoskeletal injuries and pain affecting office workers are a result of sitting for long periods in the same position performing the same or repetitive motions. I have learned that the key to prevention and treatment of these problems is reducing muscle and tendon overuse. A great method to reduce these injuries from happening would be massage therapy. Massage therapy allows the tendons to release pressure that has built up throughout the day or work hours. Another treatment method would be employees do daily stretches at their workstation. When I began working as a carpenter, every morning we would start the day out by doing a series of stretches to loosen our muscle the same way an individual would if they were preparing to exercise. Work related stress is another major safety issue that affects the workplace. Workplace stressors like interpersonal conflict and work overload can have a profound effect on the health of an organization’s employees. â€Å"Findings indicate that work overload and interpersonal conflict mediate the impact of role stress on emotional exhaustion, job attitudes, and behaviors.† (Boles, Jaramillo, Mulki, 2011, p.329) Interpersonal conflict happens due to the negative social interactions between co-workers in the workplace. Also interpersonal conflict is one of the most important stressors at work due to the effect it has on employees’ emotions and their ability to work as a team. Work overload is the employees’ perception that the job is placing excessive work demands on them. In today’s workforce employees are pressured to deliver greater output while using fewer resources. Overloaded individuals often experience feelings of impatience and being rushed, which in turn affects the quality of their interactions with co-workers. â€Å"Because of rising unemployment rates, layoff survivors are more likely to experience larger workloads because they now perform both their former workload and that of those who left.† (Boles, Jaramillo, Mulki, 2011, p.329) From my experience interpersonal conflict and work overload can have a big impact on the health of all employees with no regard to title, pay grade, or seniority. These stressors can cause emotional, mental, and physical health issues for all they affect. Through newly found knowledge, I have gained a greater understanding of the effects that workplace stress can have on an organization’s employees and how they interact with one another. Organizations can counteract these stressors by providing additional support to individuals who are being affected by these workplace stressors and conducting workload/interpersonal conflict evaluations bi annually. â€Å"Handling problems of substance use and abuse at work are some of the most challenging issue s confronting employers.† (Dwoskin, 2012, p. 32) The law requires employers to provide a safe, healthy and productive work environment to employees, but it also requires employers accommodate the needs of substance abusing employees. This could cause a conflict, because the substance abusing employees may be causing the health and safety issues in the workplace. Employers have the right to insist on a drug and alcohol free workplace and to take disciplinary action against individuals who violate the zero tolerance rules. Under the law â€Å"employers may hold alcoholics and recovering addicts to the same performance standards as other employees.† (Dwoskin, 2012, p.32) This means that employees that abuse drugs and alcohol may be discharged or held to disciplinary action based on tardiness, absenteeism, and poor job performance. But on the other hand, the ADA says they cannot be discriminated against if they are found to be disabled. The ADA defines discrimination as â€Å"not making reasonable accommodations to the known physical or mental limitations of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability† (Dwoskin, 2012, p.34) During the course of my research of this particular issue, I learned effect that substance abuse in the workplace can have on the safety of that individual and the people around them. I also learned that in certain situations that a person abusing drugs and alcohol can be protected by the ADA if they are found to be disabled and the employer must accommodate their disability in the workplace. I have known several instances where employees have failed random drug screens and have been able to keep their jobs. But in those instances the employer required the employee to seek professional help in dealing with their addiction. Safety Programs â€Å"A safety program can best be described as a dynamic set of intervention activities implemented at a worksite where the aim is to prevent incidents and accidents at the workplace† (Bjerkan, Olsen, Naevestad, 2009, p.391) These safety programs are usually comprised of activities such as safety training, equipment and housekeeping inspections, safety meetings, and safe behavior observations. There are five key components to a properly structured safety incentive program. The first component involves using an entire campaign to promote your program by building teamwork thru interaction with the employees. The next component is establishing an award vehicle that should be handed out weekly. The third component states to award employees with merchandise rather than money. Usually when employees receive money as a reward they tend to forget the reward and wee the money went to. But when an employee is rewarded with merchandise, they can recall how they received it and this enco urages them to win again. The fourth component says to promote the program using items such as posters, caps, balloons, newsletters, flyers, parties, and company drawings. The last component states to make everyone a winner. It might seem to cost more, but it will pay off in the long run by promoting the idea that everyone that practices safety in the workplace is a winner. Wellness is a lifestyle that encourages good physical and mental health. It is a balanced lifestyle that includes an emphasis on the body, mind and spirit. Wellness Programs were created to encourage all faculty, staff, and retirees to live healthier lifestyles and create a culture of health throughout the organization. Workplace wellness includes organizational policies designed to facilitate employee health including allowing flex time for exercise, providing on-site kitchen and eating areas, offering healthy food options in vending machines, holding â€Å"walk and talk† meetings, and offering financial and other incentives for pa rticipation, among many other options. In the course of researching safety programs, I have learned new techniques that will enhance my knowledge in designing safety programs in the future. Working of several different companies has allowed me to be exposed to different types of safety incentive programs. I have seen what does work and also what does not work. During the course of this paper it was my intention to present key components of workplace safety and health and provide new insight and personal experience that has and will affect my career and personal life and lives of those around me. By exploring the role of safety and health in the workplace I have gained greater understanding of its history. I can now assist employers and employees to apply these safety concepts to their everyday work related routines. In researching OSHA, I discovered a greater knowledge of the importance of the OSHA Act of 1970 and the administrative offices that have developed from the Act. Offices such as OSHA and NIOSH were established to up hold the laws and standards set by the OSHA Act in the workplace. My knowledge has grown during the development of this paper which has allowed me to view different aspects of safety and health that I previously did not have knowledge of. References Dwoskin, L.L. (2012). Substance Abuse in the Workplace: ADA and FMLA Issues to Consider, Part II. Employee Benefit Plan Review, 66(8), 32-38 Jaramillo, F., Mulki, J., Boles, J. S. (2011). WORKPLACE STRESSORS, JOB ATTITUDE, AND JOB BEHAVIORS: IS INTERPERSONAL CONFLICT THE MISSING LINK? Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management, 31(3), 339-356 Lowe, W. (2012). Keying Into Office Worker Injuries. Massage Bodywork, 27(4), 104-107 Markowitz, G., Rosner, D. (20110. FROM THE TRIANGLE FIRE TO THE BP EXPLOSION: A Short History of the Century-Long Movement for Safety and Health. New Labor Forum (Murphy Institute), 20(1), 26-32. Doi10.4179/NLF.201.0000005 Moran, R.E. (2012). WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH: Better OSHA Guidance Needed On Safety Incentive Programs. GAO Reports, 1-46 Olsen, E., Bjerkan, A., Naevestad, T. (2009). Modeling the effects of a large-scale safety Culture programme: a combined qualitative and quantitative approach. Journal Of Risk research, 12 Silverstein, M. (2008). Getting Home Safe and Sound: Occupational Safety and Health Administration at 38: American Journal Of Public Health, 98(3), 416-423 Stanley, J. (2012). Osha’s Warning on Safety Incentive Programs Are Wide of the Mark. EHS Today; Vol. 5 Issue 10, p. 63-64